Apparatus for purifying liquid.



C. R. DARNALL.

I APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPRZB. 1911.

1 1,178,499. v Patented Apr. 11,1916.

- is risp stress crates.

APPARATUS FOR PURIF'IING LIQUID. i f

fipecification of Letters Patent.

Patented A r. 11,1916.

Application filed September 23, 1911. Serial No. 650,929.

To aZZwiw mz'tmay concern: I

Be-it known that I, CARL R. DARNALL, a citizen of the United StatesofArnerica, residing at \Vashington, in the District of Columbia, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Appsratus for PurifyingLiquids, of whichthefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to apparatus for purifying liquids and has specialreference to means for purifying water and-sewage by the use of drychlorin gas. Theobjectpf the present-invention is to reduce the numberof partsgnecessary for the successful operation pfthe apparatus,

thereby etlecting an economy in-installation and maintenance and toobtain a more direct Operation than has been heretofore possible. 5

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and will behereinafter fully described with reference thereto, the novel featuresbeing subsequently nioreparticularly pointed out in the appended claim.

in elevation and partly in section of my improved apparatus, the figurebeing more or less diagrammatic in character. Fig. is a plan'view. Fig.3 is a detail sectional elevation of a portion of the apparatus, showinga modification. Fig. 4 is a detail elevation, showing a furthermodification;

Fig, 5 is an enlarged detail section,

4 The liquid to be treated is conducted from any source of supply,indicated. in the drawings by a tank 1, through a main or conduit 2which is provided with eut0fi val es 8 and 4 and in which is interposeda. mixing chamber, 5 of any preferred suitable 49 construction, "whilebeyond the said mixing cliambera goose-neck 6 is provided in theconduit'to form a water seal which will prevent loss of the gas, will bereadily understood. The valve 3 is normally open 5 so as to permit aconstant flow of liquid therethrough, while the valve 4; is opened orclosed accordingly as it is desired to permit or arrest the operationcfthe apparatus,

i the valve 4 being of greater capacity than 5 the valve 3, so that whenthe said valve 4 is opened the liquidwill flow freely through theconduit and Whenthe valve 4 is closed the water will he held in theconduit and will rise inthc pipe by which the purifying -agent isadmitted to the conduit and thereby In the drawin s 'Fi ure 1 is aviewpart1 --beyond the said gage 18 the pipe is .pro-

create a back pressure upon the said agent whichwill arrest the flow ofthe same. Should it be necessary to repair or clean any part of theapparatus, the valve -3 is closed and the liquid is consequentlyprevented from entering the conduit, so that the conduitinay be drained,as will be readily understood. The dry chlorin gas is supplied from adrum, cylinder or other receptacle? from which a pipe 8 leads to aconductor 9, a cut-off valve 10 being provided in the pipe 8 by whichthe flow of gas may be permitted after the cylinder or drum 7 has beencoupled to the said pipe and a similar pipe 11, equipped with a'valve12, is coupled to the gas pipe 9 so that a plurality of drums may be'provided and successively cut into use as the chargedrawn upo zlexhausted. A. pressure gage 13 is fitted on the gas conveying pipe 9whereby the pressure ot the gas in the drum which is in use will beaccurately noted and the attending operator will be apprised of thecondition of his supply, so that he may cut-out an exhausted drum andcut-in a fresh drum in ample season to prevent ar 1y accidental orpremature cessation of the operation of the apparatus. Beyondthe-pressure gage 13, the gas'pipe 9 is equipped with a controllingvalve 1th and, in the ar 8 rangeinent shown in Fig. 1, the'stem of thisvalve is provided with a crank disk 15, to which a lever 16 is secured,said lever being equipped with an adjustable weight 17, so that theworking pressure of the gas may be varied vto any desired degree. Apressure gage 18 is mounted on the gas pipe 9 be yond the controllingvalve 14, so as to indicate the working pressure ofthe'gas, and

sided with a short branch 19 leading into a gas receiver 20. Withinthisgasrcceiver 20 is a flexible diaphragm 21, at the center'of which isprovided a socket'22 projecting ,through the casing of the receiver andhaving a sea- 523 secured therein by a locknut 2 1, as shown mostclearly in Fig. 5. .The seat 23 comprisesa stem 25,-threaded into thesocket 22 and having th e'locli' nut 24 thereon, and a head 26' at thecute "end of said stein provided with a concav socket 2-7, in whichis'fiitted gravity a ball 28 on the end formed preferably on the shorterarin of a lever 30, the longer arm of WlllCillS con- (san nected by alink 31 with the shorter arm'of a lever 32, the longer arm of said lever32 a quickly to variations in the Working pressure and that a veryslight change in the tension of the diaphragm due to variation in thepressure of the gas will cause a positive movement of the controllingvalve so as to open or close the same and thereby maintain a constantlow working pressureof the gas. The quantity of gas permitted to How tothe conduit will also be thus automatically regulated and adjusted tothe quantity of water being treated, so that there will be no waste ofthe gasduring the operation of the apparatus. The gas conveying pipe,beyond the branch 19, is preferably formed into a U-shaped member 34from the discharge leg of whicha branch 35 leads into a pipe or tube,36,which opens directly into the mixing chamber 5'. This pipe or tube 36may be provided with slots 37 covered with transparent material, so'thatthe attendant may readily perceive whether or not gas is passing to themixing chamber, and as the height to which the water-will rise in thesaid tube 36 will indicate the pressure of the gas in the said tube, thegage 18 is not indispensable.

The U-shaped member 34 is filled with charcoal, fine clay or similarmaterial, indicated at 38, so as to retard the flow of gas therethroughand permit it to enter the mixing chamber only in the minute quantitiesnecessary for the proper treatment of the liquid. This retardingmaterial also serves to. retain the dry condition of the gas, so thatits action upon the water avill not be impaired and corrosion of theparts through which it passes will be prevented. The gas conducting pipeis also preferably equipped with valves 39and 40, by which the flow ofgas may be cut off entirely when it is desired to repair, renew or cleanany of the parts. 7

The operation of the apparatus is thought to be evident from theforegoing descriptiom The several parts of the apparatus being fittedtogether in the described relation, the gas containing drum is cut intooperation byopening the valve immediately adjacent thereto, so as topermit the gas to flow into the gas conveying pipe 9. As initially thereis no pressure other than atmospheric pressure in the receiver 20, thecontrolling valve 14 will be open and the gas will at once flow intosaid receiver and. act upon the diaphragm 21, so as to actuate theamplify" ing levers and close the controlling valve, and when thepressure of the gas is equal to or slightly exceeds the weight 17, thevalve will be fully closed. The valves 39 and 40 jbeing'opened, gas willbe permitted to flow into the mixing chamber 5, and the valves 3 and 4being open, the water will flow through the conduit and will absorb thegas in the mixing chamber and be thereby purified. Should it be desiredto arrest the oper ation, it is only necessary to close the valve 4 whenthe water will rise in the tube or pipe 36 and thereby create a backpressure upon the gas sufficient to raise the diaphragm 21 andcompletely cut off the inflow of the gas. While the water? is flowingthrough the conduit, the gas will be supplied thereto under a uniformlow pressure inasmuch as the diaphragm 21 will drop as the gas isconsumed. and consequently, the controlling valve will be opened topermit the flow of a sufiicient quantity of gas to keep the supply inthe gas receiver constant.

. Instead of the system of levers shown in Fig. 1, I may employ thearrangement shown in Fig. 3 in which the controlling valve 41 isprovided with a depending stem 42, fitting into the seat on thediaphragm and a spring 43 is coiled around said stem, so asto hold thestem firmly in its engagement with the seat. By varying the tension ofthe spring, the pressure necessary to operate the diaphragm may beadjusted to the same extent that shifting of the Weight 17 willaccomplish that result in the arrangement shown in Fig.1. As thediaphragm rises and falls, the stem 42 will necessarily follow themovement and thereby close or open the valve 41, as will be readilyunderstood. By reason of the ball and socket engagement of the stem andthe seat on the diaphragm, the probability of binding of the parts andthe consequent clogging of their movement is obviated.

In very large plants, Where it is not necessary to admit the gas inminute quantities to the water, I may employ the arrangement shown inFig. 4. In this form of the device, the conduit 2 with its mixingchambe]; 5 and goose neck. 6 are of the same fdi'm as those shown 'inFig. 1, but the gascdnveying pipe leads directly from the gas repeiverto the mixing chamber and the retarding tube 34 is dispensed with. Thegasconveying pipe, indicated at 44, is provided with a short horizontalportion 45 adjacent the cut-off valve 46 in the conduit and in the saidhorizontal portion 45 is a'cut-oif valve 47. The cutoff valve 46corresponds in its functions to the cut-oft valve 4 shown in Fig. 1, butthe, stem 4.8 of said valve is extended above the operating hand wheel49 and has a loose connection with the longer and the spring 53 Will beclosed. Whenthe valve to is opened, of course, by the i upward movementof the stem 48, the valve 47 will be simultaneously opened. It will beobserved that the lever 50 does not act directly upon the stem 51 of-thevalve t7, but acts against the spring 53, so that should additionalmovement of the stem &8 be

necessary afterthe valve e? is closed, the

lever will be cushioned against thespring 53 and the bending of the saidstem 51. will be thereby prevented.

It Will be understood, of course, that in this form of the invention acock, similar to that shown at 40 in Fig. 1, may be provided in the gaspipe to regulate the quantity of gas admitted to said pipe.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim is: An apparatus forthe purpose set forth comprising a gas conveyer, a gas receivercommunicating laterally with the gas cnveyer but otherwise closed andhaving a portion movable under pressure of the gas in said conveyer, acontrolling valve in said conveyor, a socket projecting from the movableportion of the gas receiver, a seat secured in said socket and having aconcave recess in. its outer extremity, and movable devices having a,rocking detachable en- 7 gagement With the said concave recess, but

normally retained in engagement therewith by gravity, said movabledevices'being con? nected with the controlling valve of the gasconveyer.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in the presence of twoWitnesses.

CARL ROGER DARNALL. Witnesses R. BISHOP, i A. L. HOUGH.

